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Henry Mowat (1734–1798) was an officer of the Royal Navy commanding ships in northern New England during the American Revolutionary War. He was the son of Captain Patrick Mowat of the post ship HMS ''Dolphin''. He was born in Scotland and went to sea at the age of 18.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CAPTAIN HENRY MOWAT )〕 ==Career== After six years as an able seaman and midshipman Mowat was commissioned a Lieutenant aboard HMS ''Baltimore'' in 1758. In 1764, Lieutenant Mowat was given command of the recently purchased 16-gun〔Goold's gun count includes swivel guns, but not the mortars of the bomb sloop ''Spitfire''. Half (or fewer) of this count were carriage-mounted cannon. Other references indicate ''Canceaux'' carried 8 cannon, and ''Halifax'' carried 6.〕 sloop HMS ''Canceaux''.〔 ''Canceaux'', with Mowat in command, conducted a hydrographic survey of the coast of North America from the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River to Boston. While so engaged, Mowat was ordered to Portsmouth, New Hampshire in December, 1774, to protect military supplies at Fort William and Mary. Paul Revere alerted the local militia of rumored British seizure of munitions there; gunpowder was removed from the fort by patriots before Mowat arrived, and a colonial maritime pilot ran ''Canceaux'' aground in the Piscataqua River estuary. It was several days before the tide refloated ''Canceaux''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Paul Revere's Other Ride )〕 Mowat patrolled the New England coast for smugglers〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ede's and Gill's Boston-gazette )〕 until ordered to Falmouth (present-day Portland, Maine) in March, 1775 to assist a loyalist shipbuilder who was attempting to defy the Continental Association boycott on goods manufactured in Great Britain. Mowat was temporarily taken prisoner by militia from Brunswick, Maine during Thompson's War a few weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord.〔Goold, William ''The Burning of Portland'' 19 February 1873〕 ''Canceaux'' resumed coastal patrols after Falmouth loyalists negotiated Mowat's release.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AMERICAN MARITIME UNITS AND VESSELS AND THEIR SUPPORTERS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, 1775-1783) )〕 Mowat was ordered to undertake a punitive mission following the battle of Machias to "chastize" the seaports of Marblehead, Salem, Gloucester, Ipswich, Newburyport, Portsmouth, Saco, Falmouth, and Machias.〔Leamon, James S. ''Revolution Downeast: The War for American Independence in Maine'' (1995) University of Massachusetts Press pp.69-70〕 Mowat left Boston aboard ''Canceaux'' on 6 October 1775 in company with the 20-gun〔 ship ''Cat'',〔 the 12-gun〔 schooner〔 HMS ''Halifax'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Penobscot Expedition Archaeological Project )〕 the bomb sloop〔 HMS ''Spitfire''〔 and the supply ship〔 HMS ''Symmetry''.〔〔''Symmetry'' may have carried guns, because other references indicate she fired during the Battle of Bunker Hill; but Goold describes her as a magazine for the bomb sloop during this engagement. As a safety measure to prevent loss of a ship through accidental ignition of unfired incendiary carcasses, carcasses were transferred by lighter from a non-firing ship to the bomb sloop as needed.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=October, 1775 )〕 Mowat directed the flotilla's 9-hour bombardment in the Burning of Falmouth on 18 October 1775.〔 Mowat was given command of the recently purchased 16-gun sloop HMS ''Albany'' in 1776. As captain of ''Albany'', Mowat was the senior officer of a three-ship squadron formed with the 16-gun sloops HMS ''North'' and HMS ''Nautilus'' to defend Castine, Maine against the Penobscot Expedition. Mowat skillfully anchored the sloops so they blocked the harbor entrance while their broadsides could provide mutually supportive fire with British forces ashore. He moved 6-pounder cannon from the unengaged side of his squadron ashore for use by soldiers defending their incomplete fortifications. Mowat's squadron held the harbor against a flotilla of 15 ships mounting 290 guns; and his skillful deployment of naval artillery enabled the outnumbered British force to withstand a siege from 23 July 1779 until reinforcements arrived on 14 August 1779 to defeat the attacking colonial force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=THE SIEGE OF PENOBSCOT )〕 Mowat was promoted to Captain and given command of the 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line HMS ''Assistance'' in May 1795. ''Assistance'' sailed to Halifax Harbour in March, 1796 and captured the 40-gun French frigate ''Elizabeth'' on 28 August 1796. Captain Mowat died of apoplexy on 14 April 1798 while ''Assistance'' was cruising off Chesapeake Bay. He is buried in the Episcopal churchyard in Hampton, Virginia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Mowat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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